tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49640605324138737872024-03-05T01:12:20.336-08:00Explore With Joyexplorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-76338572370557743512019-10-22T03:49:00.000-07:002019-10-22T03:49:57.804-07:00Ki Banu Duniya Da<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">'Ki Banu Duniya
Da' - Gurdas Maan feat. Diljit Dosanjh & Jatinder Shah - Coke Studio @ MTV
Season 4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On
this Independence special on Coke Studio@MTV Season 4, we see Punjabi legend
Gurdas Maan, present a song called Ki Banu Duniya Da. He re-writes it here, adding
a stellar performance by current Punjabi superstar Diljit Dosanjh. This
exclusive track, arranged by Jatinder Shah, sees a massive collaboration of
these big names of Punjabi music, reiterating a message for the youth that
speaks about not forgetting your roots, in this age of modernity. Especially
picking on themes like drug-abuse, disenchantment amongst the youth and the
future of our nation, the lyrical punch is delivered using a traditional verse,
with additional lyrics written by Gurdas Maan himself. Catch this powerhouse
performance on this brand new season of Coke Studio@MTV!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Credits</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Composition
& Lyrics By Gurdas Maan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Singers
- Gurdas Maan & Diljit Dosanjh <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Music
Producer - Jatinder Shah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Harmonium
& Backing Vocals - Jatinder Shah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Drums
- Lindsay D'mello <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Guitar
- Nyzel D'lima <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bass
- Rushad Mistry <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Acoustic
Guitar - Pawan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keys
- Rinku Rajput <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keys
- Rakesh Varma <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dholak
& Dhol - Iqbal Azad<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Algoza
& Tumbi - Vijay Yamla <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mandolin
- Chandrakant Lakshpati <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tabla
- Yusuf Gulam Mohammed <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Duff
& Matka - Pratap Rath <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Percussion
- Nadeem Azab <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Edited
By – Umar Shaikh <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mix
and Master by Sameer Charegaonkar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lyrics</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Aaj
Ranjhe kiraye te le le ke heeran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ishqe
Di chadar kari jaan leeran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hotel
te bhele ch churi khawa ke<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ae
majiyan charani kidhar ja rahi hai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ae
chad di jawani kidhar ja Rahi hai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ae
husano deewani kidhar ja rahi hai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ghaghre
vi gaye phulkariyan vi gaiyan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kaan
na vich kokru te valiyan vi gaiyan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ghaghre
vi gaye phulkariyan vi gaiyan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kaan
na vich kokru te valiyan vi gaiyan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Reshmi
dupatte dore jaaliyan vi gayian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ghun
vi gaye te ghund vaalian vi gayian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Chal
paye valaiti baane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ki
banu … O ki banu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O
ki banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ki
banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ki
banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ki
banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ki
banu duniya da haye ….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haye
taariya vi teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sai
Bodaan vaalian ve jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sir
utte matka khoohi de paani da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Taap
keda jhalle athri jawaani da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jede
passe jaavein thumkaaran paindian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Addi
naal teriyan pajebaan khendian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Vadiye
majaajane majaaj bhul gayi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gidhiyaan
di raani fashionaan ch rul gayi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sundi
angrezi gaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O
Ki banu … O ki banu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O
ki banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ki
banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ki
banu duniya da haye ….<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haye
taariya vi teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sai
Bodaan vaalian ve jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Saanu
sauda ni pugda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Saanu
sauda ni pugda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Raavi
toh Jhanaab puchda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Raavi
toh Jhanaab puchda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ki
haal ae Sutluj da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ki
haal ae Sutluj da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O
Wagah de border te.. O wagah de border te<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Raah
puchdi Lahore’an de haye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Raah
puchdi Lahore’an de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Painde
dur Peshawar’an de oye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hello
hello ,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hello<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hello<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hello
Hello<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hello
Hello<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hello
Hello thank you karan nadiyan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">aa
gaiyan valeton angrez vadiyan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">i
don’t like the punjabi hindi nu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sharam
ni aundi sanu gallan dindi nu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sharam
ni aundi sanu gallan dindi nu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Har
boli sikho sikhni vi chahidi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Par
pakki vekh ke kacchi nai dhai di<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Par
pakki vekh ke kacchi nai dhai di<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">o
Nasheyan ne pat de punjabi garbru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kadkan
hadiyan bajuan damru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">seastan
ne maarli jawani chad di<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">dil
mile kitten ankh kitte lad di<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">marjaane
maan na ki bharosa kal da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bura
nai maniayan da kisi di gal da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">keh
gaye ne lok seyane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O
ki Banu… O Ki banu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O
ki banu …<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">O
Ki banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ki
banu duniya da<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sache
patshah Waheguru jaane<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ki
banu duniya da… haye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haye
taariya vi teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sai
Bodaan vaalian ve jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haye
taariya vi teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sai
Bodaan vaalian ve jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haye
taariya vi teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sai
Bodaan vaalian ve jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Haye
taariya vi teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sai
Bodaan vaalian ve jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allah
Bismilallah teri jugni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">From:
</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjQyBF2gwjQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjQyBF2gwjQ</a></div>
</div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-89034007679338520652018-09-08T01:30:00.001-07:002018-09-08T01:30:31.992-07:00Make Curd without Starter<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mhemUTcFsNs" width="480"></iframe><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">If we don’t have the ready made jaman (yogurt culture), we can </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">still </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">make dahi/curd/yogurt without any starter curd.</span></div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-51344196537210807802018-08-30T08:20:00.004-07:002018-08-30T08:20:58.470-07:00English Speaking Practice for Beginners<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HQSCULXibbw" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">How was your day? इंग्लिश में कैसें बताएँगे? English speaking practice lesson for beginners.
In this English speaking practice lesson, you will learn some useful English phrases used in daily English conversation when you have to describe, how your day was. Learn spoken English sentences for different situations to describe – how was your day; Good, Bad or Okay.
इस English lesson में, आप रोजाना अंग्रेजी की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल किये जाने वाले कुछ उपयोगी अंग्रेज़ी वाक्यांशों को सीखेंगे, जब आपको वर्णन करना होगा कि आपका दिन कैसा था। वर्णन करने के लिए विभिन्न स्थितियों के लिए बोली जाने वाली अंग्रेजी वाक्य जानें - आपका दिन कैसा था; अच्छा, बुरा या ठीक है
आपका दिन कैसा था, यह सवाल इंग्लिश में कैसें पूछेंगे?
How was your day?
How was your day?
How was your day?
Did you have a good day?
You look tired; did you have a bad day?
आपका दिन अगर अच्छा था, तो इंग्लिश में जवाब कुछ इस प्रकार देंगे
My day was good.
I had a great day.
I had a fantastic day.
Today was the most beautiful day of my life.
I did not expect my day to be so good.
अगर आपका दिन ठीक ठाक था, तो आप जवाब कुछ इस प्रकार देंगे.
My day did not start so well but by evening everything was fine.
My day was terrible.
I wish my day wasn’t so bad.
अगर आपका दिन बुरा था, तो जवाब कुछ इस प्रकार देंगे.
Today was the worst day of my life.
My day was quite okay.
My day was quite fine.
Nothing special happened today.
अगर आपका दिन वयस्थ था, तो जवाब कुछ इस प्रकार देंगे.
I just didn’t realize how the day passed by.
My day was so busy that I did not have lunch.
I was very busy today because I had a lot of work at the office.
I was busy the whole day doing house work.
I was tied up with work from head to toe.
I was so busy today that could not even breathe.
I was so busy that I did not even visit the toilet.
I was so busy that did not even visit the toilet.
I was so busy that I did not answer my girlfriend’s call.
I was so busy with taxes that I even dream about tax numbers in the night.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">From: </span><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQSCULXibbw</span></span></div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-73746825427682909942018-07-25T01:49:00.001-07:002018-07-25T01:51:06.928-07:00Danveer Karna<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दानवीर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कर्ण</span> (Danveer Karna)</div>
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A Story in Hindi</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4TSEs-YAB038lgFpnVoaniTKCxsvQh5uRgsZqePjLXETJ1aFBhTjb9sxXmQEL5cROTx4e3JlQkiYYrowhvFsgp1px75ECLlvCHF9exOPRUZodkNOBOpffoZWOrbDIxSoaxrZrQ2q3-vvQ/s1600/Karnan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="984" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4TSEs-YAB038lgFpnVoaniTKCxsvQh5uRgsZqePjLXETJ1aFBhTjb9sxXmQEL5cROTx4e3JlQkiYYrowhvFsgp1px75ECLlvCHF9exOPRUZodkNOBOpffoZWOrbDIxSoaxrZrQ2q3-vvQ/s320/Karnan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">एक</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">बार</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">श्री</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कृष्ण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">भरी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">सभा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कर्ण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">दानवीरता</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">प्रशंशा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">रहे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">थे</span>|
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">उस</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">समय</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">सभा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">में</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">उपस्थित</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">थे</span>, <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">वे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कृष्ण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">द्वारा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कर्ण</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">दानवीरता</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">प्रशंशा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">सहन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">नहीं</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">पा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">रहे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">थे</span>| <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">भगवान्</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कृष्ण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">ने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">अर्जुन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">देखा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">और</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">पल</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">भर</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">ही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">अर्जुन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">मनोभाव</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">जान</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">लिए</span>| <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">श्री</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कृष्ण</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">ने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">को</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कर्ण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">दानशीलता</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">ज्ञान</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">कराने</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">का</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">निश्चय</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , serif;">किया</span>|<br />
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कुछ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दिनों</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बाद</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">नगर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">एक</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पत्नी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">का</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">देवलोक</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गमन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हो</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गया</span>|
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महल</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गया</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">विनती</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">करते</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हुए</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कहा</span>
– “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">धनंजय</span>! <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मेरी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पत्नी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गई</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>,
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">उसने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मरते</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हुए</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अपनी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आखरी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">इच्छा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जाहिर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">करते</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हुए</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कहा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">था</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कि</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मेरा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दाह</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">संस्कार</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियों</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">करना</span>,
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">इसलिए</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">क्या</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आप</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मुझे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियाँ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सकते</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हैं</span>?<br />
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्रम्हां</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बात</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सुनकर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ने</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कहा</span> – “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">क्यों</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">नहीं</span>?” <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तत्काल</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कोषाध्यक्ष</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तुरंत</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पच्चीस</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियाँ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लेन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आगया</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दी</span>, <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">परन्तु</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">उस</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दिन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ना</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तो</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">भंडार</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ना</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बाज़ार</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियाँ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">उपस्थित</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">थी</span>| <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कोषाध्यक्ष</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आकर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सारी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">व्यथा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सुने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">समक्ष</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियाँ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ना</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">होने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">असमर्थता</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">व्यक्त</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>|<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">भी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अपनी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लाचारी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बता</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">करखली</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हाथ</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">वापस</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">भेज</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दिया</span>|<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अब</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कर्ण</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महल</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पहुंचा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कर्ण</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अपनी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पत्नी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आखरी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">इच्छा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अनुरूप</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियों</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मांग</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>| <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कर्ण</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">समक्ष</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">भी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">वही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">स्थति</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">थी</span>,
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ना</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तो</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महल</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ना</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बाज़ार</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कहीं</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियाँ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">उपस्थित</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">थी</span>| <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">परन्तु</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कर्ण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तुरंत</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अपने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कोषाध्यक्ष</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">महल</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लगे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">खम्भे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">निकाल</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">देने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आगया</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दी</span>|
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चन्दन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लकड़ियाँ</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लेकर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चला</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गया</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अपनी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पत्नी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">का</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दाह</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">संस्कार</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">संपन्न</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">किया</span>|<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">शाम</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जब</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">श्री</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कृष्ण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">टहलने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लिए</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">निकले</span>| <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">देखा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तो</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">वही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">शमशान</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कीर्तन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कर</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">रहा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>| <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जिज्ञासावश</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जब</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अर्जुन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ने</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्राह्मण</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पुचा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तो</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ब्र</span></div>
</div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-90677599308214194652018-06-12T22:44:00.002-07:002018-06-12T22:44:54.634-07:00Sciatica<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sciatica is a medical condition characterized by
pain going down the leg from the lower back. This pain may go down the back,
outside, or front of the leg. Onset is often sudden following activities like
heavy lifting, though gradual onset may also occur. Typically, symptoms are
only on one side of the body. Certain causes, however, may result in pain on
both sides. Lower back pain is sometimes but not always present. Weakness or
numbness may occur in various parts of the affected leg and foot. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">About 90% of the time sciatica is due to a spinal
disc herniation pressing on one of the lumbar or sacral nerve roots. Other
problems that may result in sciatica include spondylolisthesis, spinal
stenosis, piriformis syndrome, pelvic tumors, and compression by a baby's head
during pregnancy. The straight-leg-raising test is often helpful in diagnosis.
The test is positive if, when the leg is raised while a person is lying on
their back, pain shoots below the knee. In most cases medical imaging is not
needed. Exceptions to this are when bowel or bladder function is affected,
there is significant loss of feeling or weakness, symptoms are long standing,
or there is a concern of a tumor or infection. Conditions that may present
similarly are diseases of the hip and early herpes zoster before the rash
appears. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Treatment initially is typically with pain
medications. It is generally recommended that people continue with activities
to the best of their abilities. Often all that is required is time: in about
90% of people the problem goes away in less than six weeks. If the pain is
severe and lasts for more than six weeks then surgery may be an option. While
surgery often speeds pain improvement, long term benefits are unclear. Surgery
may be required if complications occur such as bowel or bladder problems. Many
treatments, including steroids, gabapentin, acupuncture, heat or ice, and
spinal manipulation, have poor evidence for their use. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Depending on how it is defined, 2% to 40% of people
have sciatica at some point in time. It is most common during people's 40s and
50s, and men are more frequently affected than women. The condition has been
known since ancient times. The first known use of the word sciatica dates from
1451. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Definition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The term "sciatica" describes a symptom—pain
along the sciatic nerve pathway—rather than a specific condition, illness, or
disease. Some use it to mean any pain starting in the lower back and going down
the leg. Others use the term more specifically to mean a nerve dysfunction
caused by compression of one or more lumbar or sacral nerve roots from a spinal
disc herniation. Though in this second use it is a diagnosis (i.e., it
indicates a cause and effect). Pain typically occurs in the distribution of a
dermatome and goes below the knee to the foot. It may be associated with
neurological dysfunction, such as weakness. The pain is characteristically of a
shooting type, quickly traveling along the course of the nerve. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Causes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spinal disc herniation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Main article: Spinal disc herniation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spinal disc herniation pressing on one of the lumbar
or sacral nerve roots is the most frequent cause of sciatica, being present in
about 90% of cases. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sciatica caused by pressure from a disc herniation
and swelling of surrounding tissue can spontaneously subside if the tear in the
disc heals and the pulposus extrusion and inflammation cease.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spinal stenosis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Main article: Lumbar spinal stenosis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Other compressive spinal causes include lumbar
spinal stenosis, a condition in which the spinal canal (the spaces the spinal
cord runs through) narrows and compresses the spinal cord, cauda equina, or
sciatic nerve roots. This narrowing can be caused by bone spurs,
spondylolisthesis, inflammation, or a herniated disc, which decreases available
space for the spinal cord, thus pinching and irritating nerves from the spinal
cord that travel to the sciatic nerves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Piriformis syndrome<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Main article: Piriformis syndrome<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Piriformis syndrome is a controversial condition
that, depending on the analysis, varies from a "very rare" cause to
contributing to up to 8% of low back or buttock pain. In 17% of the population,
the sciatic nerve runs through the piriformis muscle rather than beneath it.
When the muscle shortens or spasms due to trauma or overuse, it is posited that
this causes compression of the sciatic nerve. It has colloquially been referred
to as "wallet sciatica" since a wallet carried in a rear hip pocket
compresses the buttock muscles and sciatic nerve when the bearer sits down.
Piriformis syndrome causes sciatica when the nerve root itself remains normal
and no herniation of a spinal disc is apparent. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pregnancy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sciatica may also occur during pregnancy as a result
of the weight of the fetus pressing on the sciatic nerve during sitting or
during leg spasms. While most cases do not directly harm the fetus or the
mother, indirect harm may come from the numbing effect on the legs, which can
cause loss of balance and falls. There is no standard treatment for
pregnancy-induced sciatica. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Other<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sciatica can also be caused by tumors impinging on
the spinal cord or the nerve roots. Severe back pain extending to the hips and
feet, loss of bladder or bowel control, or muscle weakness may result from
spinal tumors or cauda equina syndrome. Trauma to the spine, such as from a car
accident, may also lead to sciatica. A relationship has been proposed with a
latent Propionibacterium acnes infection in the intervertebral discs, but the
role it plays is not yet clear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pathophysiology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sciatica is generally caused by the compression of
lumbar nerves L4, or L5 or sacral nerves S1, S2, or S3, or by compression of
the sciatic nerve itself. When sciatica is caused by compression of a dorsal
nerve root (radix), it is considered a lumbar radiculopathy (or radiculitis
when accompanied with an inflammatory response). This can occur as a result of
a spinal disk bulge or spinal disc herniation (a herniated intervertebral
disc), or from roughening, enlarging, or misalignment (spondylolisthesis) of the
vertebrae, or as a result of degenerated discs that can reduce the diameter of
the lateral foramen (natural hole) through which nerve roots exit the spine.
The intervertebral discs consist of an anulus fibrosus, which forms a ring
surrounding the inner nucleus pulposus. When there is a tear in the anulus
fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus (pulp) may extrude through the tear and press
against spinal nerves within the spinal cord, cauda equina, or exiting nerve
roots, causing inflammation, numbness, or excruciating pain. Inflammation of
the spinal canal can also spread to adjacent facet joints and cause lower back
pain and/or referred pain in the posterior thigh(s). Pseudosciatic pain can
also be caused by compression of peripheral sections of the nerve, usually from
soft tissue tension in the piriformis or related muscles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The spinal discs are composed of a tough spongiform
ring of cartilage ("anulus fibrosus") with a more malleable center
("nucleus pulposus"). The discs separate the vertebrae, thereby
allowing room for the nerve roots to properly exit through the spaces between
the vertebrae. The discs cushion the spine from compressive forces, but are
weak to pressure applied during rotational movements. That is why a person who
bends to one side, at a bad angle to pick something up, may more likely
herniate a spinal disc than a person jumping from a ladder and landing on their
feet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Herniation of a disc occurs when the liquid center
of the disc bulges outwards, tearing the external ring of fibers, extrudes into
the spinal canal, and compresses a nerve root against the lamina or pedicle of
a vertebra, thus causing sciatica. This extruded liquid from the "nucleus
pulposus" may cause inflammation and swelling of surrounding tissue, which
may cause further compression of the nerve root in the confined space in the
spinal canal. Many herniated discs themselves, however, cause no pain or
discomfort: only occasionally does a disc herniation cause sciatica.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diagnosis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sciatica is typically diagnosed by physical
examination, and the history of the symptoms. Generally if a person reports the
typical radiating pain in one leg as well as one or more neurological
indications of nerve root tension or neurological deficit, sciatica can be
diagnosed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The most applied diagnostic test is the straight leg
raise to produce Lasègue's sign, which is considered positive if pain in the
distribution of the sciatic nerve is reproduced with passive flexion of the
straight leg between 30 and 70 degrees. While this test is positive in about 90%
of people with sciatica, approximately 75% of people with a positive test do
not have sciatica. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Imaging tests such as computerised tomography or
magnetic resonance imaging can help with the diagnosis of lumbar disc
herniation.[17]The utility of MR neurography in the diagnoses of piriformis
syndrome is controversial. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Management<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">When the cause of sciatica is lumbar disc
herniation, most cases resolve spontaneously over weeks to months. Initially
treatment in the first 6–8 weeks should be conservative. There does not appear
to be a significant difference in outcomes between advice to stay active and
recommendations of bed rest. Similarly, physical therapy (directed exercise)
has not been found better than bed rest. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Medication<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Medicines are commonly prescribed for the treatment
of sciatica, but evidence for pain medication is poor. Specifically,
low-quality evidence indicates that NSAIDs do not appear to improve immediate
pain and all NSAIDs appear about equivalent. Evidence is also lacking in use of
opioids and muscle relaxants by usual means. In those with sciatica due to
piriformis syndrome, botulinum toxin injections may improve pain and or
function. There is little evidence for steroids, either epidural or by pill.
Low-quality evidence supports the use of gabapentin for acute pain relief in
those with chronic sciatica. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Surgery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Surgery for unilateral sciatica involves the removal
of part of the disc, which is known as a discectomy. While it results in
short-term benefits, the long-term benefits appear to be equivalent to
conservative care. Treatment of the underlying cause of the compression is
needed in cases of epidural abscess, epidural tumors, and cauda equina
syndrome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alternative medicine<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Low to moderate-quality evidence suggests that
spinal manipulation is an effective treatment for acute sciatica. For chronic
sciatica, the evidence is poor. Spinal manipulation has been found generally
safe for the treatment of disc-related pain; however, case reports have found
an association with cauda equina syndrome, and it is contraindicated when there
are progressive neurological deficits. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Epidemiology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Depending on how it is defined, 2% to 40% of people
have sciatica at some point in time. It is most common during people's 40s and
50s and men are more frequently affected than women.</span></div>
</div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-39429419170417602902018-05-29T08:19:00.001-07:002018-05-29T08:19:11.715-07:00Bade Bhai Sahab<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AEs5hZtYtEA" width="480"></iframe><br />
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<span style="background: white;">Department
of Theatre and Film Studies Mahatma Gandhi International Hindi University,
Wardha (India) Presents A short film 'Bade Bhai Sahab' , based on famous Hindi
writer Munshi Premchand's story 'Bade Bhai Sahab'. </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Produced by Prof. Ravi Chaturvedi and d</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">irected by Dr. Rayaz Hassan. </span><br />
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<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background: white;">From </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEs5hZtYtEA"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEs5hZtYtEA</span></a></div>
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<span style="background: white;"><b>Bade Bhai Sahab</b> is a light-hearted story of
two brothers, one of whom is 5 years elder to the other. The elder brother's
rant about the importance of education and how ridiculous he finds it at the
same time evokes much laughter. He often lectures his younger brother, who
isn't fond of studying and spends most of his time loitering around and
playing. Despite that, unfortunately, every year, the younger one passes with
flying colours while the elder brother fails. Nonetheless, the story ends with
a solid lesson that it's naive to disregard elders on the basis of their
educational qualifications. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>बङे भाई साहब</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">मेरे भाई साहब मुझसे पाँच साल बड़े थे, लेकिन केवल तीन दरजे आगे। उन्होंने भी उसी उम्र में पढ़ना शुरू किया था जब मैने शुरू किया था; लेकिन तालीम जैसे महत्व के मामले में वह जल्दबाजी से काम लेना पसंद न करते थे। इस भावना की बुनियाद खूब मजबूत डालना चाहते थे जिस पर आलीशान महल बन सके। एक साल का काम दो साल में करते थे। कभी-कभी तीन साल भी लग जाते थे। बुनियाद ही पुख्ता न हो, तो मकान कैसे पायेदार बने!</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">मैं छोटा था, वह बड़े थे। मेरी उम्र नौ साल की थी,वह चौदह साल के थे। उन्हें मेरी तंबीह और निगरानी का पूरा जन्मसिद्ध अधिकार था। और मेरी शालीनता इसी में थी कि उनके हुक्म को कानून समझूँ।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">वह स्वभाव से बड़े अघ्ययनशील थे। हरदम किताब खोले बैठे रहते और शायद दिमाग को आराम देने के लिए कभी कापी पर, कभी किताब के हाशियों पर चिड़ियों, कुत्तों, बिल्लियों की तस्वीरें बनाया करते थे। कभी-कभी एक ही नाम या शब्द या वाक्य दस-बीस बार लिख डालते। कभी एक शेर को बार-बार सुंदर अक्षर में नकल करते। कभी ऐसी शब्द-रचना करते, जिसमें न कोई अर्थ होता, न कोई सामंजस्य! मसलन एक बार उनकी कापी पर मैने यह इबारत देखी- स्पेशल, अमीना, भाइयों-भाइयों, दर-असल, भाई-भाई, राधेश्याम, श्रीयुत राधेश्याम, एक घंटे तक- इसके बाद एक आदमी का चेहरा बना हुआ था। मैंने चेष्टा की कि इस पहेली का कोई अर्थ निकालूँ; लेकिन असफल रहा और उनसे पूछने का साहस न हुआ। वह नवीं जमात में थे, मैं पाँचवी में। उनकी रचनाओं को समझना मेरे लिए छोटा मुँह बड़ी बात थी।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">मेरा जी पढ़ने में बिलकुल न लगता था। एक घंटा भी किताब लेकर बैठना पहाड़ था। मौका पाते ही होस्टल से निकलकर मैदान में आ जाता और कभी कंकरियाँ उछालता, कभी कागज की तितलियाँ उड़ाता, और कहीं कोई साथी मिल गया तो पूछना ही क्या कभी चारदीवारी पर चढ़कर नीचे कूद रहे हैं, कभी फाटक पर सवार, उसे आगे-पीछे चलाते हुए मोटरकार का आनंद उठा रहे हैं। लेकिन कमरे में आते ही भाई साहब का रौद्र रूप देखकर प्राण सूख जाते। उनका पहला सवाल होता- ‘कहाँ थे?‘ हमेशा यही सवाल, इसी ध्वनि में पूछा जाता था और इसका जवाब मेरे पास केवल मौन था। न जाने मुँह से यह बात क्यों न निकलती कि जरा बाहर खेल रहा था। मेरा मौन कह देता था कि मुझे अपना अपराध स्वीकार है और भाई साहब के लिए इसके सिवा और कोई इलाज न था कि स्नेह और रोष से मिले हुए शब्दों में मेरा सत्कार करें।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">‘इस तरह अंग्रेजी पढ़ोगे, तो जिंदगी-भर पढ़ते रहोगे और एक हर्फ़ न आयेगा। अंग्रेजी पढ़ना कोई हँसी-खेल नहीं है कि जो चाहे पढ़ ले, नहीं, ऐरा-गैरा नत्थू-खैरा सभी अंग्रेजी कि विद्वान हो जाते। यहाँ रात-दिन आँखें फोड़नी पड़ती है और खून जलाना पड़ता है, तब कहीं यह विधा आती है। और आती क्या है, हाँ, कहने को आ जाती है। बड़े-बड़े विद्वान भी शुद्ध अंग्रेजी नहीं लिख सकते, बोलना तो दूर रहा। और मैं कहता हूँ, तुम कितने घोंघा हो कि मुझे देखकर भी सबक नहीं लेते। मैं कितनी मेहनत करता हूँ, तुम अपनी आँखों देखते हो, अगर नहीं देखते, जो यह तुम्हारी आँखों का कसूर है, तुम्हारी बुद्धि का कसूर है। इतने मेले-तमाशे होते है, मुझे तुमने कभी देखने जाते देखा है, रोज ही क्रिकेट और हाकी मैच होते हैं। मैं पास नहीं फटकता। हमेशा पढ़ता रहता हूँ, उस पर भी एक-एक दरजे में दो-दो, तीन-तीन साल पड़ा रहता हूँ फिर तुम कैसे आशा करते हो कि तुम यों खेल-कुद में वक्त, गँवाकर पास हो जाओगे? मुझे तो दो-ही-तीन साल लगते हैं, तुम उम्र-भर इसी दरजे में पड़े सड़ते रहोगे। अगर तुम्हें इस तरह उम्र गँवानी है, तो बेहतर है, घर चले जाओ और मजे से गुल्ली-डंडा खेलो। दादा की गाढ़ी कमाई के रूपये क्यों बरबाद करते हो?’</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">मैं यह लताड़ सुनकर आँसू बहाने लगता। जवाब ही क्या था। अपराध तो मैंने किया, लताड़ कौन सहे? भाई साहब उपदेश की कला में निपुण थे। ऐसी-ऐसी लगती बातें कहते, ऐसे-ऐसे सूक्ति-बाण चलाते कि मेरे जिगर के टुकड़े-टुकड़े हो जाते और हिम्मत छूट जाती। इस तरह जान तोड़कर मेहनत करने कि शक्ति मैं अपने में न पाता था और उस निराशा में जरा देर के लिए मैं सोचने लगता- क्यों न घर चला जाऊँ। जो काम मेरे बूते के बाहर है, उसमें हाथ डालकर क्यों अपनी जिंदगी खराब करूँ। मुझे अपना मूर्ख रहना मंजूर था; लेकिन उतनी मेहनत ! मुझे तो चक्कर आ जाता था। लेकिन घंटे-दो घंटे बाद निराशा के बादल फट जाते और मैं इरादा करता कि आगे से खूब जी लगाकर पढ़ूँगा। चटपट एक टाइम-टेबिल बना डालता। बिना पहले से नक्शा बनाये, बिना कोई स्कीम तैयार किये काम कैसे शुरू करूँ? टाइम-टेबिल में, खेल-कूद की मद बिलकुल उड़ जाती। प्रात:काल उठना, छ: बजे मुँह-हाथ धो, नाश्ता कर पढ़ने बैठ जाना। छ: से आठ तक अंग्रेजी, आठ से नौ तक हिसाब, नौ से साढ़े नौ तक इतिहास, फिर भोजन और स्कूल। साढ़े तीन बजे स्कूल से वापस होकर आधा घंटा आराम, चार से पाँच तक भूगोल, पाँच से छ: तक ग्रामर, आघा घंटा होस्टल के सामने टहलना, साढ़े छ: से सात तक अंग्रेजी कम्पोजीशन, फिर भोजन करके आठ से नौ तक अनुवाद, नौ से दस तक हिंदी, दस से ग्यारह तक विविध विषय, फिर विश्राम।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">मगर टाइम-टेबिल बना लेना एक बात है, उस पर अमल करना दूसरी बात। पहले ही दिन से उसकी अवहेलना शुरू हो जाती। मैदान की वह सुखद हरियाली, हवा के वह हल्के-हल्के झोंके, फुटबाल की उछल-कूद, कबड्डी के वह दाँव-घात, बालीबाल की वह तेजी और फुरती मुझे अज्ञात और अनिवार्य रूप से खींच ले जाती और वहाँ जाते ही मैं सब कुछ भूल जाता। वह जानलेवा टाइम- टेबिल, वह आँखफोड़ पुस्तकें किसी की याद न रहती, और फिर भाई साहब को नसीहत और फजीहत का अवसर मिल जाता। मैं उनके साये से भागता, उनकी आँखों से दूर रहने कि चेष्टा करता। कमरे मे इस तरह दबे पाँव आता कि उन्हें खबर न हो। उनकी नजर मेरी ओर उठी और मेरे प्राण निकले। हमेशा सिर पर एक नंगी तलवार-सी लटकती मालूम होती। फिर भी जैसे मौत और विपत्ति के बीच में भी आदमी मोह और माया के बंधन में जकड़ा रहता है, मैं फटकार और घुडकियाँ खाकर भी खेल-कूद का तिरस्कार न कर सकता।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">सालाना इम्तहान हुआ। भाई साहब फेल हो गये, मैं पास हो गया और दरजे में प्रथम आया। मेरे और उनके बीच केवल दो साल का अंतर रह गया। जी में आया, भाई साहब को आड़े हाथों लूँ- आपकी वह घोर तपस्या कहाँ गयी? मुझे देखिए, मजे से खेलता भी रहा और दरजे में अव्वल भी हूँ। लेकिन वह इतने दु:खी और उदास थे कि मुझे उनसे दिली हमदर्दी हुई और उनके घाव पर नमक छिड़कने का विचार ही लज्जास्पद जान पड़ा। हाँ, अब मुझे अपने ऊपर कुछ अभिमान हुआ और आत्मसम्मान भी बढ़ा। भाई साहब का वह रोब मुझ पर न रहा। आजादी से खेल–कूद में शरीक होने लगा। दिल मजबूत था। अगर उन्होंने फिर मेरी फजीहत की, तो साफ कह दूँगा- आपने अपना खून जलाकर कौन-सा तीर मार लिया। मैं तो खेलते-कूदते दरजे में अव्वल आ गया। जबान से यह हेकड़ी जताने का साहस न होने पर भी मेरे रंग-ढंग से साफ जाहिर होता था कि भाई साहब का वह आतंक अब मुझ पर नहीं है। भाई साहब ने इसे भाँप लिया- उनकी सहज बुद्धि बड़ी तीव्र थी और एक दिन जब मैं भोर का सारा समय गुल्ली-डंडे की भेंट करके ठीक भोजन के समय लौटा, तो भाई साइब ने मानो तलवार खींच ली और मुझ पर टूट पड़े- देखता हूँ, इस साल पास हो गये और दरजे में अव्वल आ गये, तो तुम्हें दिमाग हो गया है; मगर भाईजान, घमंड तो बड़े-बड़े का नहीं रहा, तुम्हारी क्या हस्ती, है, इतिहास में रावण का हाल तो पढ़ा ही होगा। उसके चरित्र से तुमने कौन-सा उपदेश लिया? या यों ही पढ़ गये? महज इम्तहान पास कर लेना कोई चीज नहीं, असल चीज है बुद्धि का विकास। जो कुछ पढ़ो, उसका अभिप्राय समझो। रावण भूमंडल का स्वामी था। ऐसे राजाओं को चक्रवर्ती कहते हैं। आजकल अंग्रेजों के राज्य का विस्तार बहुत बढ़ा हुआ है, पर इन्हे चक्रवर्ती नहीं कह सकते। संसार में अनेकों राष्ट़्र अंग्रेजों का आधिपत्य स्वीकार नहीं करते। बिल्कुल स्वाधीन हैं। रावण चक्रवर्ती राजा था। संसार के सभी महीप उसे कर देते थे। बड़े-बड़े देवता उसकी गुलामी करते थे। आग और पानी के देवता भी उसके दास थे; मगर उसका अंत क्या हुआ? घमंड ने उसका नाम-निशान तक मिटा दिया, कोई उसे एक चिल्लू पानी देनेवाला भी न बचा। आदमी जो कुकर्म चाहे करे; पर अभिमान न करे, इतराये नहीं। अभिमान किया और दीन-दुनिया से गया।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">शैतान का हाल भी पढ़ा ही होगा। उसे यह अभिमान हुआ था कि ईश्वर का उससे बढ़कर सच्चा, भक्त कोई है ही नहीं। अंत में यह हुआ कि स्वर्ग से नरक में ढकेल दिया गया। शाहेरूम ने भी एक बार अहंकार किया था। भीख माँग-माँगकर मर गया। तुमने तो अभी केवल एक दरजा पास किया है और अभी से तुम्हारा सिर फिर गया, तब तो तुम आगे बढ़ चुके। यह समझ लो कि तुम अपनी मेहनत से नहीं पास हुए, अंधे के हाथ बटेर लग गयी। मगर बटेर केवल एक बार हाथ लग सकती है, बार-बार नहीं। कभी-कभी गुल्ली-डंडे में भी अंधा-चोट निशाना पड़ जाता है। उससे कोई सफल खिलाड़ी नहीं हो जाता। सफल खिलाड़ी वह है, जिसका कोई निशान खाली न जाय। मेरे फेल होने पर न जाओ। मेरे दरजे में आओगे, तो दाँतो पसीना आ जायगा। जब अलजबरा और जामेट्री के लोहे के चने चबाने पड़ेंगे और इंगलिस्तान का इतिहास पढ़ना पड़ेगा! बादशाहों के नाम याद रखना आसान नहीं। आठ-आठ हेनरी ही गुजरे है। कौन-सा कांड किस हेनरी के समय हुआ, क्या यह याद कर लेना आसान समझते हो? हेनरी सातवें की जगह हेनरी आठवाँ लिखा और सब नंबर गायब! सफाचट। सिफर भी न मिलेगा, सिफर भी! हो किस ख्याल में! दरजनो तो जेम्स हुए हैं, दरजनो विलियम, कोड़ियों चार्ल्स! दिमाग चक्कर खाने लगता है। आँधी रोग हो जाता है। इन अभागों को नाम भी न जुड़ते थे। एक ही नाम के पीछे दोयम, सोयम, चहारुम, पंजुम लगाते चले गये। मुछसे पूछते, तो दस लाख नाम बता देता। और जामेट्री तो बस खुदा की पनाह! अ ब ज की जगह अ ज ब लिख दिया और सारे नंबर कट गये। कोई इन निर्दयी मुमतहिनों से नहीं पूछता कि आखिर अ ब ज और अ ज ब में क्या फर्क है और व्यर्थ की बात के लिए क्यों छात्रों का खून करते हो। दाल-भात-रोटी खायी या भात-दाल-रोटी खायी, इसमें क्या रखा है; मगर इन परीक्षको को क्या परवाह! वह तो वही देखते हैं, जो पुस्तक में लिखा है। चाहते हैं कि लड़के अक्षर-अक्षर रट डालें। और इसी रटंत का नाम शिक्षा रख छोड़ा है और आखिर इन बे-सिर-पैर की बातों के पढ़ने से क्या फायदा?</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">इस रेखा पर वह लंब गिरा दो, तो आधार लंब से दुगुना होगा। पूछिए, इससे प्रयोजन? दुगुना नहीं, चौगुना हो जाय, या आधा ही रहे, मेरी बला से, लेकिन परीक्षा में पास होना है, तो यह सब खुराफात याद करनी पड़ेगी। कह दिया- ‘समय की पाबंदी’ पर एक निबंध लिखो, जो चार पन्नों से कम न हो। अब आप कापी सामने खोले, कलम हाथ में लिये, उसके नाम को रोइए। कौन नहीं जानता कि समय की पाबंदी बहुत अच्छी बात है। इससे आदमी के जीवन में संयम आ जाता है, दूसरों का उस पर स्नेह होने लगता है और उसके कारोबार में उन्नति होती है; लेकिन इस जरा-सी बात पर चार पन्ने कैसे लिखें? जो बात एक वाक्य में कही जा सके, उसे चार पन्ने में लिखने की जरूरत? मैं तो इसे हिमाकत समझता हूँ। यह तो समय की किफायत नहीं, बल्कि उसका दुरूपयोग है कि व्यर्थ में किसी बात को ठूँस दिया। हम चाहते हैं, आदमी को जो कुछ कहना हो, चटपट कह दे और अपनी राह ले। मगर नहीं, आपको चार पन्ने रंगने पड़ेंगे, चाहे जैसे लिखिए। और पन्ने, भी पूरे फुलस्केप आकार के। यह छात्रों पर अत्याचार नहीं तो और क्या है? अनर्थ तो यह है कि कहा जाता है, संक्षेप में लिखो। समय की पाबंदी पर संक्षेप में एक निबंध लिखो, जो चार पन्नों से कम न हो। ठीक! संक्षेप में चार पन्ने हुए, नहीं शायद सौ-दो सौ पन्ने लिखवाते। तेज भी दौड़िये और धीरे-धीरे भी। है उल्टी बात या नहीं? बालक भी इतनी-सी बात समझ सकता है, लेकिन इन अध्यापकों को इतनी तमीज भी नहीं। उस पर दावा है कि हम अध्यापक है। मेरे दरजे में आओगे लाला, तो ये सारे पापड़ बेलने पड़ेंगे और तब आटे-दाल का भाव मालूम होगा। इस दरजे में अव्वल आ गये हो, तो जमीन पर पाँव नहीं रखते। इसलिए मेरा कहना मानिए। लाख फेल हो गया हूँ, लेकिन तुमसे बड़ा हूँ, संसार का मुझे तुमसे ज्यादा अनुभव है। जो कुछ कहता हूँ, उसे गिरह बाँधिए नहीं पछताइयेगा।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">स्कूल का समय निकट था, नहीं ईश्वर जाने, यह उपदेश-माला कब समाप्त होती। भोजन आज मुझे निःस्वाद-सा लग रहा था। जब पास होने पर यह तिरस्कार हो रहा है, तो फेल हो जाने पर तो शायद प्राण ही ले लिए जायँ। भाई साहब ने अपने दरजे की पढ़ाई का जो भयंकर चित्र खींचा था; उसने मुझे भयभीत कर दिया। कैसे स्कूल छोड़कर घर नहीं भागा, यही ताज्जुब है; लेकिन इतने तिरस्कार पर भी पुस्तकों में मेरी अरुचि ज्यों -की-त्यों बनी रही। खेल-कूद का कोई अवसर हाथ से न जाने देता। पढ़ता भी था, मगर बहुत कम। बस, इतना कि रोज का टास्क पूरा हो जाय और दरजे में जलील न होना पड़े। अपने ऊपर जो विश्वास पैदा हुआ था, वह फिर लुप्त हो गया और फिर चोरों का-सा जीवन कटने लगा।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">फिर सालाना इम्तहान हुआ, और कुछ ऐसा संयोग हुआ कि मैं फिर पास हुआ और भाई साहब फिर फेल हो गये। मैंने बहुत मेहनत न की पर न जाने कैसे दरजे में अव्वल आ गया। मुझे खुद अचरज हुआ। भाई साहब ने प्राणांतक परिश्रम किया था। कोर्स का एक-एक शब्द चाट गये थे; दस बजे रात तक इधर, चार बजे भोर से उभर, छ: से साढ़े नौ तक स्कूल जाने के पहले। मुद्रा कांतिहीन हो गयी थी, मगर बेचारे फेल हो गये। मुझे उन पर दया आती थी। नतीजा सुनाया गया, तो वह रो पड़े और मैं भी रोने लगा। अपने पास होने वाली खुशी आधी हो गयी। मैं भी फेल हो गया होता, तो भाई साहब को इतना दु:ख न होता, लेकिन विधि की बात कौन टाले।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">मेरे और भाई साहब के बीच में अब केवल एक दरजे का अंतर और रह गया। मेरे मन में एक कुटिल भावना उदय हुई कि कहीं भाई साहब एक साल और फेल हो जायँ, तो मैं उनके बराबर हो जाऊँ, फिर वह किस आधार पर मेरी फजीहत कर सकेंगे, लेकिन मैंने इस कमीने विचार को दिल से बलपूर्वक निकाल डाला। आखिर वह मुझे मेरे हित के विचार से ही तो डाँटते हैं। मुझे उस वक्त अप्रिय लगता है अवश्य, मगर यह शायद उनके उपदेशों का ही असर हो कि मैं दनादन पास होता जाता हूँ और इतने अच्छे नंबरों से।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">अब भाई साहब बहुत कुछ नर्म पड़ गये थे। कई बार मुझे डाँटने का अवसर पाकर भी उन्होंने धीरज से काम लिया। शायद अब वह खुद समझने लगे थे कि मुझे डाँटने का अधिकार उन्हें नहीं रहा; या रहा तो बहुत कम। मेरी स्वच्छंदता भी बढ़ी। मैं उनकि सहिष्णुता का अनुचित लाभ उठाने लगा। मुझे कुछ ऐसी धारणा हुई कि मैं तो पास ही हो जाऊँगा, पढ़ूँ या न पढ़ूँ मेरी तकदीर बलवान है, इसलिए भाई साहब के डर से जो थोड़ा-बहुत पढ़ लिया करता था, वह भी बंद हुआ। मुझे कनकौए उड़ाने का नया शौक पैदा हो गया था और अब सारा समय पतंगबाजी की ही भेंट होता था, फिर भी मैं भाई साहब का अदब करता था, और उनकी नजर बचाकर कनकौए उड़ाता था। माँझा देना, कन्ने बाँधना, पतंग टूर्नामेंट की तैयारियाँ आदि समस्याथएँ अब गुप्तौ रूप से हल की जाती थीं। भाई साहब को यह संदेह न करने देना चाहता था कि उनका सम्मान और लिहाज मेरी नजरो से कम हो गया है।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">एक दिन संध्या समय होस्टल से दूर मैं एक कनकौआ लूटने बेतहाशा दौड़ा जा रहा था। आँखें आसमान की ओर थीं और मन उस आकाशगामी पथिक की ओर, जो मंद गति से झूमता पतन की ओर चला जा रहा था, मानो कोई आत्मा स्वर्ग से निकलकर विरक्त मन से नये संस्कार ग्रहण करने जा रही हो। बालकों की एक पूरी सेना लग गयी; और झाड़दार बाँस लिये उनका स्वागत करने को दौड़ी आ रही थी। किसी को अपने आगे-पीछे की खबर न थी। सभी मानो उस पतंग के साथ ही आकाश में उड़ रहे थे, जहाँ सब कुछ समतल है, न मोटरकारें हैं, न ट्राम, न गाडियाँ।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">सहसा भाई साहब से मेरी मुठभेड़ हो गयी, जो शायद बाजार से लौट रहे थे। उन्होौने वहीं मेरा हाथ पकड़ लिया और उग्र भाव से बोले- इन बाजारी लौंडो के साथ धेले के कनकौए के लिए दौड़ते तुम्हेंन शर्म नहीं आती? तुम्हें इसका भी कुछ लिहाज नहीं कि अब नीची जमात में नहीं हो, बल्कि आठवीं जमात में आ गये हो और मुझसे केवल एक दरजा नीचे हो। आखिर आदमी को कुछ तो अपनी पोजीशन का ख्याल करना चाहिए। एक जमाना था कि कि लोग आठवाँ दरजा पास करके नायब तहसीलदार हो जाते थे। मैं कितने ही मिडलचियों को जानता हूँ, जो आज अव्वाल दरजे के डिप्टी मजिस्ट्रेट या सुपरिटेंडेंट है। कितने ही आठवीं जमात वाले हमारे लीडर और समाचार-पत्रों के संपादक है। बड़े-बड़े विद्वान उनकी मातहती में काम करते है और तुम उसी आठवें दरजे में आकर बाजारी लौंडों के साथ कनकौए के लिए दौड़ रहे हो। मुझे तुम्हारी इस कमअकली पर दु:ख होता है। तुम जहीन हो, इसमें शक नहीं; लेकिन वह जेहन किस काम का, जो हमारे आत्मलगौरव की हत्या कर डाले? तुम अपने दिन में समझते होंगे, मैं भाई साहब से महज एक दर्जा नीचे हूँ और अब उन्हें मुझको कुछ कहने का हक नहीं है; लेकिन यह तुम्हारी गलती है। मैं तुमसे पाँच साल बड़ा हूँ और चाहे आज तुम मेरी ही जमात में आ जाओ- और परीक्षकों का यही हाल है, तो निस्संदेह अगले साल तुम मेरे समकक्ष हो जाओगे और शायद एक साल बाद तुम मुझसे आगे निकल जाओ- लेकिन मुझमें और तुममें जो पाँच साल का अंतर है, उसे तुम क्यान, खुदा भी नहीं मिटा सकता। मैं तुमसे पाँच साल बड़ा हूँ और हमेशा रहूँगा। मुझे दुनिया का और जिंदगी का जो तजरबा है, तुम उसकी बराबरी नहीं कर सकते, चाहे तुम एम. ए., डी. फिल. और डी. लिट्. ही क्यों न हो जाओ। समझ किताबें पढ़ने से नहीं आती है। हमारी अम्माँ ने कोई दरजा पास नहीं किया, और दादा भी शायद पाँचवी-छठी जमाअत के आगे नहीं गये, लेकिन हम दोनों चाहे सारी दुनिया की विद्या पढ़ ले, अम्माँ और दादा को हमें समझाने और सुधारने का अधिकार हमेशा रहेगा। केवल इसलिए नहीं कि वे हमारे जन्मभदाता है, बल्कि इसलिए कि उन्हें दुनिया का हमसे ज्यादा तजरबा है और रहेगा। अमेरिका में किस तरह कि राज्य -व्यिवस्थां है और आठवें हेनरी ने कितने विवाह किये और आकाश में कितने नक्षत्र है, यह बाते चाहे उन्हें न मालूम हो, लेकिन हजारों ऐसी बातें हैं, जिनका ज्ञान उन्हें हमसे और तुमसे ज्यादा है।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">दैव न करे, आज मैं बीमार हो जाऊँ, तो तुम्हारे हाथ-पाँव फूल जायँगे। दादा को तार देने के सिवा तुम्हें और कुछ न सूझेगा; लेकिन तुम्हारी जगह पर दादा हों, तो किसी को तार न दें, न घबरायें, न बदहवास हों। पहले खुद मरज पहचानकर इलाज करेंगे, उसमें सफल न हुए, तो किसी डाक्टर को बुलायेंगे। बीमारी तो खैर बड़ी चीज है। हम-तुम तो इतना भी नहीं जानते कि महीने भर का खर्च महीने भर कैसे चले। जो कुछ दादा भेजते हैं, उसे हम बीस-बाईस तक खर्च कर डालते हैं और पैसे-पैसे को मोहताज हो जाते हैं। नाश्ता बंद हो जाता है, धोबी और नाई से मुँह चुराने लगते हैं; लेकिन जितना आज हम और तुम खर्च कर रहे हैं, उसके आधे में दादा ने अपनी उम्र का बड़ा भाग इज्जत और नेकनामी के साथ निभाया है और एक कुटुंब का पालन किया है, जिसमें सब मिलाकर नौ आदमी थे। अपने हेडमास्ट र साहब ही को देखो। एम.ए. हैं कि नहीं; और यहाँ के एम.ए. नहीं, ऑक्सफोर्ड के। एक हजार रूपये पाते हैं, लेकिन उनके घर इंतजाम कौन करता है? उनकी बूढी माँ। हेडमास्टर साहब की डिग्री यहाँ आकर बेकार हो गयी। पहले खुद घर का इंतजाम करते थे। खर्च पूरा न पड़ता था। करजदार रहते थे। जब से उनकी माताजी ने प्रबंध अपने हाथ में ले लिया है, जैसे घर में लक्ष्मी आ गयी हैं। तो भाईजान, यह गरूर दिल से निकाल डालो कि तुम मेरे समीप आ गये हो और अब स्वतंत्र हो। मेरे देखते तुम बेराह नहीं चल पाओगे। अगर तुम यों न मानोगे, तो मैं (थप्पड़ दिखाकर) इसका प्रयोग भी कर सकता हूँ। मैं जानता हूँ, तुम्हें मेरी बातें जहर लग रही हैं...</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">मैं उनकी इस नयी युक्ति से नत-मस्तक हो गया। मुझे आज सचमुच अपनी लघुता का अनुभव हुआ और भाई साहब के प्रति मेरे मन में श्रद्धा उत्पन्न हुई। मैंने सजल आँखों से कहा- हरगिज नहीं। आप जो कुछ फरमा रहे हैं, वह बिलकुल सच है और आपको कहने का अधिकार है।</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">भाई साहब ने मुझे गले लगा लिया और बोले- मैं कनकौए उड़ाने को मना नहीं करता। मेरा जी भी ललचाता है, लेकिन क्या करूँ, खुद बेराह चलूँ तो तुम्हारी रक्षा कैसे करूँ? यह कर्तव्य भी तो मेरे सिर पर है!</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">संयोग से उसी वक्त एक कटा हुआ कनकौआ हमारे ऊपर से गुजरा। उसकी डोर लटक रही थी। लड़कों का एक गोल पीछे-पीछे दौड़ा चला आता था। भाई साहब लंबे हैं ही, उछलकर उसकी डोर पकड़ ली और बेतहाशा होस्टल की तरफ दौड़े। मैं पीछे-पीछे दौड़ रहा था।</span></span></div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-78879421289096836482018-05-18T05:46:00.000-07:002018-05-18T05:47:17.295-07:00Gabbar Singh in Sholay<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Gabbar Singh was the scariest villain and the most famous character in the Indian cinema. Amjad Khan who played the character of Gabbar Singh in the movie Sholay immortalised the character through his laughter and dialogue delivery. It is said that the evergreen Indian film Sholay was the highest grossing movie in the year it released and the credits are still given to Gabbar. The movie was also given the ranking of "All time blockbuster".<br />
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<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गब्बर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सिंह</span></div>
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1. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कितने</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आदमी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">थे</span>?”</div>
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2. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">होली</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कब</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>
… <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कब</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">होली</span>,
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कब</span>?”</div>
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3. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">यहाँ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पचास</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पचास</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कोस</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दूर</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गाँवों</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span> … <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जब</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बच्चा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">रात</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">रोता</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>, <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तो</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कहती</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बेटे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सो</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जा</span> … <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सो</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">नही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तो</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गब्बर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सिंह</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आ</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जाएगा</span>”</div>
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4. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अरे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ओ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">संभा</span>
… <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कितना</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">इनाम</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">रखे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सरकार</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हम</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पर</span>?”</div>
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5. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जो</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">डर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गया</span>
… <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">समझो</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गया</span>”</div>
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6. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तेरा</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">क्या</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">होगा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कालिया</span>”</div>
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7 . “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">जब</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तक</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तेरे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पैर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चलेंगे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">उसकी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">साँस</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चलेगी</span> … <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तेरे</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पैर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">रुके</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तो</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">यह</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बंदूक</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चलेगी</span>”</div>
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8. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ये</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हाथ</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">हुमको</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">दे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ठाकुर</span>”</div>
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9. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गब्बर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ताप</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">से</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तुम्हे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">एक</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आदमी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बचा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सकता</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>, <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">एक</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ही</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आदमी</span> … <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">खुद</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गब्बर</span> ”</div>
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10. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बहुत</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">याराना</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">लगता</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>”</div>
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11. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सूवर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">के</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बच्चो</span>
!”</div>
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12. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">क्या</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">समझकर</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आए</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">थे</span>…
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">सरदार</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बहुत</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">खुश</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">होगा</span>, <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">शाबाशी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">देगा</span>?”</div>
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13. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">यह</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">रामगढ़</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">वाले</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">अपनी</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बेटियों</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">को</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">कौन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">चक्की</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">का</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पीसा</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आता</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">खिलाते</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">रे</span>?”</div>
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14. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">इस</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">पिस्टल</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">में</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तीन</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">ज़िंदगी</span>, <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तीन</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मौत</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बंद</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span> … <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">देखें</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">किससे</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">क्या</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">मिलता</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span>”</div>
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15. “<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">छह</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">गोली</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">और</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">आदमी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">तीन</span>… <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">बहुत</span>
<span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">नाइंसाफी</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">है</span> <span style="font-family: "mangal" , "serif";">यह</span>”</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Gabbar </b>: Hmmmm.... Kitane aadmi the?</div>
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<b>Kaliya</b>: sardar.. do aadmi the.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Gabbar</b>: hmmm.. Do aadmi ? .... SOOWAR KE BACHCHO.. woh do the aur tum teen</div>
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.. phir bhi waapas aagayeye . khaali haath.. kya samaz kar aaye the?..</div>
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sardar bahot khus hoga sabasi dega kyoon? DHIKKAR HAI ...</div>
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Arre O Saambha... kitna inaam rakkhe hai sarkaar ham par?</div>
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<b>Sambha</b>: Poore pachaas hajaar..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Gabbar</b>: Soona.. poore pachas hajaar.. aur yeh inaam isliye hai ke yaha se pachas</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
pachas kos door gaanw me jab bachcha raat ko rota hai to maa kahti hai</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
beta soja ..soja nahi to gabbar singh aa jaayega. Aur yeh teen haraam jaade..ye</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
gabbar singh kaa naam poora mitti me milaay diye..iski sajaa milegi..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
baraabar milegi..( ek aadmi se revolver leta hai aur usse poochhta hai)</div>
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kitni goli hai iske andar?</div>
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<b>Aadmi </b>: (woh chauk jaata hai)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Gabbar</b>: KITNI GOLI HAI?</div>
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<b>Aadmi </b>: Chhe sardaar (six)</div>
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<b>Gabbar</b>: (khud se) chhe ? ( jor se) chhe goli.. chhe goli hai iske andar..</div>
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chhe goli aur aadmi teen... bahot naa insaafi hai yeh...( teen goli</div>
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hawa me uda deta hai) ab theek hai. haa ab theek hai.. ab iske teen</div>
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khaano me goli hai teen khali.. ab ham issko ghumaege....(...)</div>
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ab kaha goli hai kaha nahi? .. hamko nahi pata .. hamko kuchh nahi</div>
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pataa. is pistaul me teen jindagi teen maut band hai... dekhe </div>
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kisse kya milta hai?</div>
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(pahale aadmi ke taraf jaake uske sir par revolver chalata hai</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
lekin goli nahi lagati) bach gaya saala ...( doosare ke sir pe revolver</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
chalata hai .. woh bhi bachataa hai) yeh bhi bach gaya..(teesare ki</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
taraf jaake) teraa kya hoga kaaliyaa?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Kaliya</b>: ..s..sardar... maine aapkaa namak khaayaa hai sardaar..</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Gabbar</b>: ab.. goli kha ( revolver kaliyaa par chalata hai use bhi goli nahi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
lagati) kamaal ho gaya... Teeno bachh gaye ( ab gabbar hansane chaalu</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
karataa hai) yeh teen h.. ha ha .. teeno haramjaadon ko .. goli</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
nahi lagi( ab gabbar jor se hans rahaa hai)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(baaki sab hasnaa chaalu karate hai.... aur achanak teen goliyon ki</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
aawaaj aati hai aur woh teen aadmi mar jaate hai... ekdam sannataa</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
chha jaata hai.. thodi der baad) jo dar gayaa .. samazo mar gayaa.</div>
</div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-59778732388237118492015-04-23T05:24:00.000-07:002015-04-23T05:24:05.054-07:00Common literary elements<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Protagonist:
The main character in a story, the one with whom the reader is meant to
identify. The person is not necessarily "good", but is the person
whom the reader is most invested in.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Antagonist:
Counterpart to the main character/protagonist and source of a story's main
conflict. It may not even be a person.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Plot:
Sequence of events in the story.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Setting:
Time and place in which the story occurs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Conflict:
A struggle between opposing forces which drive the story. This is what keeps
the reader reading! The outcome of the story is usually a resolution of the
conflict. The opposing force does not have to be a person. The basic types of
conflict are: Man vs. Self, Man vs. Man, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Society or Man
vs. Machine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Climax:
The dramatic high of the story. Right before the climax is the turning point,
usually where something goes wrong. The climax then ensues and comes to a
resolution. A resolution does not necessarily mean the problem has been solved;
only that the high point has ended.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Motifs,
Themes and Symbols<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A
motif is a recurring important idea, structure or image; it differs from a
theme in that it can be expressed as a single word or fragmented phrase. e.g.
comparing a person's stages of life to seasons of the year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A
theme usually must be expressed as a complete sentence. A theme is a main
universal idea or message conveyed by the piece. e.g. Little Red Riding Hood's
theme may be "Don't talk to strangers".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A
symbol is an object, colour, person, character or figure used to represent
abstract ideas. A symbol, unlike a motif, must be tangible or visible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mood:
The atmosphere or emotional condition created by within the setting. Mood
refers to the general sense or feeling which the reader is supposed to get from
the text and is not necessarily referring to the characters' state of mind.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Point
of view: The identity of the narrator's voice, the point of view from which the
reader sees the story. It may be first person (there is no narrator) or third
person (the story is told by a character or direct observer in the story).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Common
literary techniques<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Allegory:
Where an entire story is representative/symbolic of something else, usually a
larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Alliteration:
The repetition of consonant sounds, usually used consecutively in the same
sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Anthropomorphism:
Where animals or inanimate objects are portrayed as people. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deus
ex machine: Latin for "God out of the machine", this term describes
the primary conflict being solved out of nowhere, as if God or a miracle could
only solve the complex conflict.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dramatic
irony: Where the audience or reader is aware of something important, of which
the characters in the story are not aware. Situational irony is different in
that the readers are not aware; the results are unexpected and mocking in
relation to what was expected (the usual use of the term irony). Verbal irony
is an expression that is opposite of what it is intended to. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Exposition:
When an author interrupts a story in order to explain something - usually to
provide important background information. An exposition can also be essential
information which is given at the beginning of a play or short story, about the
plot and the events which are to follow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Foil:
A character who is meant to represent characteristics, values or ideas which
are opposite to another character (usually the protagonist).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Foreshadowing:
Where future events in a story, or perhaps the outcome, are suggested by the
author before they happen. This suggestion can be made in various ways such as
a flashback, an object, or a previous minor situation which reflects a more
significant situation later on. This sort of warning sign can also be called a
red herring.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hyperbole:
A description which uses exaggeration or extremes to convey emphasize a
characteristic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Metaphor
vs. Simile: A metaphor is direct relationship where one thing IS another. A
simile, on the other hand, is indirect and usually only likened to be similar
to something else. Similes usually use "like" or "as".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Parallelism:
The use of similar or identical language, structures, events or ideas in
different parts of a text.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pathetic
fallacy: When the mood of the character is reflected in the atmosphere
(weather) or inanimate objects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Personification:
Where inanimate objects or abstract concepts are given human thoughts, actions,
perceptions and emotions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Repetition:
When a specific word, phrase, or structure is repeated several times, usually
in close proximity, to emphasize a particular idea.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-7296264339711558042013-07-24T18:31:00.000-07:002013-07-24T18:33:33.117-07:00What’s wrong?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
A leading Indian Tamil daily newspaper published wrong on 24
July 2013. It says,” new eggs float and spoiled eggs immerse in water”. Almost
everyone knows that it is totally wrong. In fact the new eggs sink and spoiled
eggs float in water. There is something wrong with the statement of C. E. O.,
Ms. Parvathi, the reporter or the editor of the newspaper. See the image of the
news. </div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh9e5IepqSfmhosZZ5XrFIWPlcc_bRXCvwjHUCjhgN02B9k6ijb069rfbWGAC89IhJJBxJGCigoEuNRFa4nkS0t2Yj3UjquhFtYaZNHZmsjMMzHdeSK7oWlz7K_55zNsLdiTwfcM_p9mIu/s1600/New+vs+spoiled+egg+confusion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh9e5IepqSfmhosZZ5XrFIWPlcc_bRXCvwjHUCjhgN02B9k6ijb069rfbWGAC89IhJJBxJGCigoEuNRFa4nkS0t2Yj3UjquhFtYaZNHZmsjMMzHdeSK7oWlz7K_55zNsLdiTwfcM_p9mIu/s400/New+vs+spoiled+egg+confusion.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-70516052011902316592011-02-25T06:02:00.000-08:002011-02-25T06:02:46.036-08:00Sinhagad<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtXA28p1MT7tmtiEwK1WnuZZClAhCi7BZzgQoKFR1HbC8wF5q4xQD4HoOg0N9Z7R61439D-0DhVTc1zhJBWKUR52hvbNEHoIovPRqzUSuCuBsUohd5Xie__nayhlH3HPHEf-1083NSR2Dd/s1600/Sinhagad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtXA28p1MT7tmtiEwK1WnuZZClAhCi7BZzgQoKFR1HbC8wF5q4xQD4HoOg0N9Z7R61439D-0DhVTc1zhJBWKUR52hvbNEHoIovPRqzUSuCuBsUohd5Xie__nayhlH3HPHEf-1083NSR2Dd/s320/Sinhagad.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #660066; font-size: 16.0pt;">Sinhagad, Sinhgarh, or Sinhgad<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-11576175401205586882011-02-25T05:53:00.000-08:002011-02-25T06:09:14.266-08:00Khadakwasla Dam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: navy; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Khadakwasla Dam, Khadakwasla, <st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">Singhgad Road</st1:address></st1:street>, Pune 411024</span></div><br />
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</div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-84675752468574975722010-11-06T23:55:00.000-07:002010-11-06T23:55:48.614-07:00Jyotirlinga in India<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #993300; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dwadasa Jyotirlinga shrines of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #993300; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Panniru jothi lingam)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Baijnath (Vaidhyanath) <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bhimashankar</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Grishneshwar</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedarnath</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mahakaleshwar</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mallikaarjun</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Mahadeva</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nageshwar</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Omkareshwar</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rameshwar</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Somnath Jyotirlinga Shrine<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tryambakeshwar</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Vishwanath</span></st1:placename><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <st1:placename w:st="on">Jyotirlinga</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype></span></st1:place><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-37645379742696466952010-11-06T07:35:00.000-07:002010-11-06T07:35:26.402-07:00Tikona Lonavala Pune<div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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A cool flower in India.explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-74454898800988969952010-11-05T22:40:00.000-07:002010-11-05T22:40:26.604-07:00Idol of Shree Shiv at Brindavan<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEa_HmqqmPf49LjD9hrLWYaVxcy7PywNum0okgwyfassC67_w1JlYoH4xauIKFfefuoYY0JE7kT68kSa1nTKzK88yoRG-G7GHt08qQhq87z_VAzn7CaS_6n_-o0MzRDLRA1NQW8TY3f1_2/s1600/DSC_0000157.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEa_HmqqmPf49LjD9hrLWYaVxcy7PywNum0okgwyfassC67_w1JlYoH4xauIKFfefuoYY0JE7kT68kSa1nTKzK88yoRG-G7GHt08qQhq87z_VAzn7CaS_6n_-o0MzRDLRA1NQW8TY3f1_2/s320/DSC_0000157.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Shiv Idol at Mysore Brindavan Garden, Karnataka, India. A quick snap from an ordinary mobile phone.</span></span></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-81835672190658827832010-10-24T06:48:00.001-07:002010-10-24T06:50:19.655-07:00Sivagangai District of Tamilnadu, India<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">THE HISTORY OF SIVAGANGA</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Kingdom</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Ramnad</st1:placename></st1:place> (Ramanathapuram) originally comprised of the territories of Ramnad, Sivaganga (Sivagangai) and Pudukottai (Pudukkottai) of today. Regunatha Sethupathy alias Kilavan Sethupathy, the 7<sup>th</sup> King of Ramnad reigned between 1674 and 1710. Kilavan Sethupathy, came to know of the bravery and valour of Peria Oodaya Thevar of Nalukottai, four Kilometres from Sholapuram near Sivaganga. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The King assigned to Peria Oodaya Thevar of Nalukottai a portion of land sufficient to maintain 1000 armed men. Vijaya Regunatha Sethupathy became the 8<sup>th</sup> King of Ramnad in 1710 after the death of Kilavan Sethupathy. The King gave in marriage his daughter AKILANDESWARI NACHIAR, to Sasivarna Thevar, the son of Nalukottai Peria Oodaya Thevar. The King gave Sasivarna Thevar lands as dowry, free of taxation, sufficient to maintain 1,000 men. He placed him in charge of the fortresses of Piranmalai, Tiruppathur, Sholapuram and Tiruppuvanam as well as the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">harbour</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Thondi</st1:placename></st1:place>. Meanwhile Bhavani Sankaran, the son of Kilavan Sethupathy conquered Ramnad territory and arrested Sundareswara Regunatha Sethupathy, the 9th King of Ramnad. Bhavani Sankaran proclaimed himself as the Rajah of Ramnad. He became the 10th king of Ramnad and he reigned from 1726 to 1729. He quarrelled with Sasivarna Peria Oodaya Thevar of Nalukottai and drove him out of his Nalukottai palayam. Kattaya Thevan, the brother of the late Sundareswara Regunatha Sethupathy fled from Ramnad and sought refuge with the Rajah of Tanjore Tuljaji. While Sasivarna Thevar was passing through the jungles of Kalayarkoi, he met a Gnani (sage) named Sattappiah, who was performing Thapas (meditation) under a jambool tree near a spring called `SIVAGANGA'. The deposed king prostrated himself before him and narrated all the previous incidents of his life. The Gnani whispered a certain mantra in his ears (Mantra Opadesam, or Manthira Upadesam) and advised him to go to Tanjore (Thanjavyr) and kill a ferocious tiger which was kept by the Rajah especially to test the bravery of men. Sasivarna Thevar went to Tanjore. There he became acquainted with Kattaya Thevan a refugee like himself. Satisfied with the good behaviour of Sasivarma Thevar and Kattaya Thevan, the Rajah of Tanjore wanted to help them to regain the States again, ordered his DALAVOY to go with a large army to invade Bhavani Sankaran. Sasivarna Thevar and Kattaya Thevan at once proceeded to Ramnad with a large army furnished by the king of Tanjore. They defeated Bhavani Sankaran at the battle of Uraiyur and captured Ramnad in 1730. Thus Kattaya Thevan became the 11<sup>th</sup> King of Ramnad. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">FIRST RAJAH - SASIVARNA THEVAR (1730 - 1750) Kattaya Thevan divided Ramnad into five parts and retained three for him. He granted the two parts to Sasivarna Thevar of Nalukottai conferring on him the title of "Rajah Muthu Vijaya Regunatha Peria Oodaya Thevar". <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">SECOND - RAJAH - MUTHU VADUGANATHA PERIA OODAYA THEVAR (1750 - 1772). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Sasivarna Peria Oodaya Thevar died in or about the year 1750. He was succeeded by his only son Muthu Vaduganatha Peria Oodaya Thevar. He was the second Rajah of Sivaganga. His wife Rani Velu Nachiar acted as "friend, Philosopher and guide" to him. Tandavaraya Pillai was the able minister of Sivaganga country. Muthu Vaduganatha Peria Oodaya Thevar granted commercial facilities to the Dutch only after the English rejected a similar offer, made to Colonel Heron. Further the aim of the English was to oblige the ruler of Sivaganga to serve the Nawab or to pay tribute to him or to dissuade them from establishing relations with foreign powers like the Dutch. A two pronged offensive was made by the English. Joseph Smith from the east and Benjour from the west invaded Sivaganga Palayam in June 1772. The country was full of bushes of cockspur thorn, though there were villages and open spaces here and there. Rajah Muthu Vaduganatha Thevar, in anticipation of the invasion, erected barriers on the roads, dug trenches and established posts in the woods of Kalayarkoil. On the 21<sup>st</sup> of June of 1772 the detachment of Smith and Benjour affected a junction and occupied the town of <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sivaganga</st1:place></st1:city>. The next day, the English forces marched to Kalayarkoil and captured the posts of Keeranoor and Sholapuram. Now, Benjour continuing the operations came into conflict with the main body of the troops of Sivaganga on the 25<sup>th</sup> June 1772. Muthu Vaduganatha Rajah with many of his followers fell dead in that heroic battle. The heroic activities shown in the battle field by Velu Nachiar is praised by the Historians. The widow queen Velu Nachiar and daughter Vellachi Nachiar with Tandavaraya Pillai fled to Virupakshi in Dindigul. Later they were joined by the two able Servaigarars Vellai Marudu and Chinna Marudhu. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">THIRD - RANI VELU NACHIAR (1772 - 1780) Rani Velu Nachiar and her daughter Vellachi Nachiar lived under the protection of Hyder Ali at Virupakshi near Dindigul. Frustrated by the joining of forces against him, the Nawab ordered that Velu Nachiar and Marudhu Brothers were permitted to return to Sivaganga and rule the country subject to payment of Kist to the Nawab. Abiding by this Order, Rani Velu Nachiar accompanied by Marudu brothers and Vellachi Nachiar entered Sivaganga. An agreement was reached where by Rani Velu Nachiar was permitted to govern the Sivaganga Country and Chinna Marudu, the younger was appointed her minister and the elder Vellai Marudu as the Commander-in-chief. Thus the widow Queen Velu Nachiar succeeded her husband in 1780.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The Queen Velu Nachiar granted powers to Marudhu Brothers to administer the country in 1780. Velu Nachiar died a few years later, but the exact date of her death is not known (it was about 1790). Marudu brothers are the sons of Udayar Servai alias Mookiah Palaniappan Servai and Anandayer alias Ponnathal. They are native of <st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">Kongulu street</st1:address></st1:street> of Ramnad. They belonged neither to the family of the ancient poligars nor to their division of the caste.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Servaikaran was the caste title and Marudu the family name. The Marudu Brothers served under Muthu Vaduganatha Thevar. Later they were elevated to the position of Commanders. Boomerangs are peculiar to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Two forms of this weapons are used in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">India</st1:place></st1:country-region>. These weapons are commonly made of wood. It is crescent-shaped on end being heavier than the other and the outer edge is sharpened. Their name in Tamil is VALARI stick or VALAIYERI / VALAIERI / VALAYERY / VALAYERI / VALAIYERY. It is said that Marudu Brothers were experts in the art of throwing the valari stick. It is said that Marudus used Valari in the POLIGAR wars against the English. The Marudu brothers with 12,000 armed men surrounded Sivaganga and plundered the Nawab's territories. The Nawab on the 10<sup>th</sup> of March 1789 appealed to the Madras Council for aid. On 29th April 1789, the British forces attacked Kollangudi. It was defeated by a large body of Marudu's troops. He was in close association with Veera Pandiya Kattabomman of Panchalankurichi. Kattabomman held frequent consultations with Marudhus. After the execution of Kattabomman in 17<sup>th</sup> October 1799 at Kayattar, Chinna Marudhu gave asylum to Kattabomman's brother Oomadurai (dumb brother). He issued an epoch-making Jumboo Deweepa proclamation to the people in the <st1:placetype w:st="on">island</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Jamboo</st1:placename> the peninsular <st1:place w:st="on">South India</st1:place> to fight against the English whether they were Hindus, Mussalamans or Christians. At last the Marudhu Pandiyars fell a victim to the cause of liberating the motherland from the English supremacy. Marudu Pandiyan the popular leader of the rebels, together with his gallant brother Vellai Marudu were executed on the ruins of fort at Tiruppathur in SIVAGANGA District on 24th October 1801. They showed their determination and spirit at the outset of the final struggle of 1801 by setting their handsome village Siruvayal on fire to prevent its being made use of by the English forces.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Marudu brothers were not only warriors and noted for bravery, but they were very great Administrators. During the period from 1783 to 1801, they worked for the welfare of the people and the Sivaganga Seemai was reported as fertile. They constructed many notable temples (i.e Kalayarkoil) Ooranis and Tanks. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: maroon; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">After, so many successions of legal heirs ruled the estate, lastly, Sri D.S. Karthikeya Venkatachalapathy Rajah succeeded to the estate of late Sri. D. Shanmuga Rajah and he was the Hereditary Trustee of Sivaganga. Devasthanam and Chatrams consisting of 108 temples, 22 Kattalais and 20 Chatrams. Sri. D.S. Karthikeya Venkatachalapathy Rajah passed away in 30.8.1986 leaving a daughter named Tmt. Maduranthagi Nachiyar as his heir. At present, Tmt. Maduranthagi Nachiyar is administering the Sivaganga Estate, Sivaganga Devasthanam and Chatram of Sivaganga Royal Family now. <o:p></o:p></span></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-83640035006900182882010-10-23T08:51:00.000-07:002010-10-23T08:51:42.363-07:00Try some Sweets for Diwali<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;">Deepavali Sweets / Desserts</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alu Halwa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Badam Ka Halwa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Badam Kheer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Badam Phirini<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Basundi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Besan Burfi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Besan Laddo<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Boondi Ka Laddoo<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chanar Payesh<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Channa Dal Payasam<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Coconut Burfi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Coconut Laddu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Crullers<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Doodh Pak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fruit Kheer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gajjar Ka Halwa<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gram Sweet<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Green Peas Kochuri<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gulab Jamun<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jalebi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kadboli<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kaju Katri<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karakajjam<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karanji<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesar Burfi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kheer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kulfi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lapssi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lavang Lata<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Magaj<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Makhana Kheer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malpua<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manda Pitha<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mysore</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Paak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mysore</span></st1:place></st1:city><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pak<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Peda<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pedhas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Petha Burfi<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pinni<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Puran Poli<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rabri<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rasmalai<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sago Kheer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sandesh<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seviya Kheer<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Shahi Tukra<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Singal and Pua<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Srikhand<o:p></o:p></span></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-26392229229261393962010-10-22T05:08:00.000-07:002010-10-22T05:08:24.263-07:00Chathuragiri Sundaramahalingam<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Chathuragiri</span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> is also called Sivanmalai. It is situated 5 kms from Vathirairuppu near Srivilliputhur, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Tamilnadu</st1:city>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place>. A lot of rare varieties of herbs are available here. Siddha doctors used to collect herbs here. According to Hindu mythology, Four Vedas met and formed the hill (Chatur means four). Also the mountain looks like a square. Chathuram in Tamil means square. Giri in Hindi means Malai in Tamil and mountain in English.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Lord here is Siva as SundaraMahalingam and SanthanaMahalingam.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This pilgrim centre is really spectacular to visit and presumed to be the abode of many siddhas, sadhus and rishis. During the month of July or August, on all new moon days, devotees gather to worship Lord Sundara Mahalingar. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A story:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Once at Kailash, Lord Siva and Parvathi were worshipped by several saints, ganas, siddhars and sanyasis. When everybody made pradakshinam to both one Maharishi called "Bringi" made pradakshinam to Lord Siva only, ignoring Parvathi. When Parvathi asked Lord Siva as to why Bringi Maharishi did not pay his tributes to her, Lord Siva explained that those who have left everything and think only about "Moksha House" will perform duties that way and at the end they will join me and those who wish to enjoy "Ishta Kamya Moksha" will worship her and enjoy everything in life. Since everybody wanted to enjoy "Ishta Kamya Moksha" in life they paid their tributes to both and this Bringi wanted only "Moksha", he paid tributes only to Lord Siva. On hearing this Parvathi Devi cursed Bringi Maharishi and he lost all flesh from his body since flesh is the form of Shakti. Bringi Maharishi was unable to stand without sakthi and fell down. On seeing this Lord Siva, to protect his devoted/realised disciple, threw a stick with which, the Maharishi walked away.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">On seeing this, Parvathi decided that if only she become “Ardha Nari” on left side of Siva, she will be able to achieve her goals and thought to do a pooja/thavam/penance to appease Lord Siva to grant her the position. Parvathi Devi left Lord Siva and went to find a suitable place and on reaching the hill she sat under the shades of "Kallala Tree" and started her meditation. The tree was near to "Sattanadha Muni Siddhar" cave. There was no rain for nearly 12 years in that place and on the presence of Goddess, the entire place flowered back with greenery. On seeing the Goddess, the Muni went and received her by paying tributes and enquired about her arrival at the place. On hearing the message, the Muni arranged everything and Parvathi Devi made a Prathishtanam of Linga with Sandalwood Paste. Goddess worshipped Lord Siva with flowers, mantras and meditation. On being appeased, Lord Siva appeared on his "Rishaba Vahana" and accepted the demand of Goddess. On their return Lord Siva proclaimed that since the Siva Lingam was worshipped by Parvathi Devi, it should be worshipped only by Maharishis only and those who wish for "Kamya Loka" should not do pooja to the lingam. And if they do so, they may stand to hate "Ishta Kamya Loka" and will become "Moksha Desired" person and ultimately join him. Lord Siva blessed everybody and went away. After that, Satta Natha Muni worshipped the "Santhana Lingam" and "Chanangi Muni" followed suit.</span></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-52964490507020014612009-11-19T23:40:00.000-08:002011-02-25T06:12:33.576-08:00Water on moon<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><strong><span style="color: #000066;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Five minutes before midnight on August 20, India’s Moon mission; Chandrayaan-1 crossed an important milestone when it teamed up with NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter in search of water ice. </span></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="color: #000066;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Both the spacecraft moved simultaneously picking up data. It was a brief flight leading to an exchange of information and there was a combined analysis of both the data. Both the spacecraft flew at a velocity of about 1.6km per second and surveyed an area on the Moon’s North Pole which is 18 km across. </span></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="color: #000066;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">The historic combined flight was tracked by ISRO’s deep space network at Byalalu, Bangalore and NASA’s deep space network and Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland, US. </span></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="color: #000066;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Both spacecraft were equipped with radar instruments—Mini-Sar (Synthetic Aperture Radar) on Chandrayaan-1 and Mini-Rf on LRO. The two instruments targeted the same spot on the Moon from different angles, with Chandrayaan-1’s radar transmitting a signal which was reflected off interior of Erlanger Crater. This was picked up by LRO. </span></span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="color: #000066;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Chandrayaan-I was launched on October 22, 2008. It had to be called off due to snapping of radio link. </span></span></strong></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-25721158299268190432009-11-19T23:20:00.000-08:002011-02-25T06:11:43.506-08:00Lady Army officers scale Siachen peak<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><strong><span style="color: #663366;">A team comprising only lady officers of the Indian Army scaled the Siachen glacier on 15 August 2009, making it the first ladies team to have reached the highest battlefield in the world. Located in north-eastern J&K, Saichen glacier is totally snow- bound throughout the year and is one of the treacherous stretches of land with deep crevices and steep walls of ice. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #663366;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #663366;">The lady officers, led by Major Meghna Aktadikar, are from the corps of engineers. The expedition comprised the following officers: Major Neha Bhatnagar, Major Pradiya Kulkarni, Major Meghna R, Capt Shalini Datta, Capt Pushpa Kumari, Capt RP Parashar, Lt Namrata Rathore, Lt Girija Mohalkar, Lt Vijay Laxmi Thakur, Lt Garima Pal and Lt Neelam Rathore. </span></strong></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-75045162257784942662009-11-19T18:39:00.000-08:002011-02-25T06:12:10.482-08:00The hardest language<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><strong><span style="color: #663366;">People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.<br />
</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #663366;">A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.<br />
</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #663366;">Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.<br />
Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.<br />
</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #663366;">Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy.<br />
No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.</span></strong></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-32271243513390186082009-10-10T09:27:00.000-07:002011-02-25T06:25:13.031-08:00Hogenakkal waterfalls<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #993399;"><b></b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #993399;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 28px;"></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #993399;"><strong><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">Hogenakkal means smoking rocks in Tamil language. The river Cauvery (Kavery) forms the falls. It is a spot with a number of waterfalls cascading into River Cauvery. It comprises of several small waterfalls that make up the beauty of the place. Hogenakkal town is located in Dharmapuri district and is about 180 Kms from Bengaluru (<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city u1:st="on"><st1:place u1:st="on">Bangalore</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city>). Route:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><strong><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;"><st1:city u1:st="on"><st1:place u1:st="on">Bangalore</st1:place></st1:city></span></strong></st1:place></st1:city><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span><strong><span style="color: #993399; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;">– Sarjapur – Attibelle - Hosur- Krishnagiri – Dharmapuri - Hogenakkal. Shorter route is via Hosur, Denkanikottai and Pennagaram. The popular activity in Hogenakkal is the full body massage in hot oil for very cheap charges in quick time. One feels complete relaxation after the massage. It is a great pleasure to have a shower under the waterfalls after the massage. Jolly ride on a small circular boat like floating vessel called parisal or theppam is also pleasurable. South Indian food varieties like appam, paniyaram, are worth to eat there. Tasty fish also easily available. For comfortable stay during holidays, advance booking is a good option. Accommodation can be had at Dharmapuri, which is about 50 km away.</span></strong><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div></div></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-59151605011322748582009-10-03T02:58:00.000-07:002011-02-25T06:13:28.735-08:00Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu since 1920<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><strong><span style="color: #663366;">Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu since 1920<br />
1. Thiru A Subbarayalu: 17-12-1920 to 11-07-1921<br />
2. Thiru Panagal Raja: 11-07-1921 to 03-12-1926<br />
3. Dr. P Subbarayan: 04-12-1926 to 27-10-1930<br />
4. Thiru P Munuswamy Naidu: 27-10-1930 to 04-11-1932<br />
5. Thiru Ramakrishna Ranga Rao,Raja of Bobbili: 05-11-1932 to 04-04-1936<br />
6. Thiru P T Rajan: 04-04-1936 to 24-08-1936<br />
7. Thiru Ramakrishna Ranga Rao,Raja of Bobbili: 24-08-1936 to 01-04-1937<br />
8. Thiru Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu: 01-04-1937 to 14-07-1937<br />
9. Thiru C Rajagopalachari: 14-07-1937 to 29-10-1939<br />
10. Thiru Tanguturi Prakasam: 30-04-1946 to 23-03-1947<br />
11. Thiru O P Ramaswamy Reddiyar: 23-03-1947 to 06-04-1949<br />
12. Thiru P S Kumaraswamy Raja: 06-04-1949 to 09-04-1952<br />
13. Thiru C Rajagopalachari: 10-04-1952 to 13-04-1954<br />
14. Thiru K Kamaraj: 13-04-1954 to 02-10-1963<br />
15. Thiru M Bakthavatsalam: 02-10-1963 to 06-03-1967<br />
16. Dr. C.N. Annadurai: 06-03-1967 to 03-02-1969<br />
17. Kalaignar M Karunanidhi: 10-02-1969 to 04-01-197115-03-1971 to 31-01-1976<br />
18. Dr. M G Ramachandran: 30-06-1977 to 17-02-1980, 09-06-1980 to 15-11-1984, 10-02-1985 to 24-12-1987<br />
19. Thirumathi Janaki Ramachandran: 07-01-1988 to 30-01-1988<br />
20. Kalaignar M Karunanidhi: 27-01-1989 to 30-01-1991<br />
21. Dr. Selvi J Jayalalithaa: 24-06-1991 to 12-05-1996<br />
22. Kalaignar M Karunanidhi: 13-05-1996 to 13-05-2001<br />
23. Dr. Selvi J Jayalalithaa: 14-05-2001 to 21-09-2001<br />
24. Thiru O. Panneerselvam: 21-09-2001 to 01-03-2002<br />
25. Dr. Selvi J Jayalalithaa: 02-03-2002 to 12-05-2006<br />
26. Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi: 13-05-2006 onwards<br />
</span></strong></div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4964060532413873787.post-59988724806144228712009-07-05T05:59:00.000-07:002011-02-25T06:13:52.751-08:00Courtallam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><strong><span style="color: #006600;">This famous place for waterfalls is in Tirunelveli district, Tamilnadu, India and is also called kutralam or the spa in the south. Other names of this health resort are </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #006600;"></span></strong> <br />
<ul><li><strong><span style="color: #006600;">Pithur KandaTheerthapuram</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;">Mukthiveli</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;">Thirunagaram</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;">Nannagaram </span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;">Vasanthaperur </span></strong></li>
</ul><strong><span style="color: #006600;"></span></strong> <br />
<strong><span style="color: #006600;">It is not only a romantic place but also a suitable place for meditation. It is best to be visited from June to September.<br />
<br />
</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #006600;">It is a great pleasure to enjoy the drizzle here. We feel neither wet nor dry.<br />
There are several water falls namely Main falls, Chittaruvi, chitraruvi or Small falls, Shenbagadevi falls or shenbaga aruvi, Honey falls (Thenaruvi), Five falls (Aindaruvi),Tiger falls (Puliaruvi), New falls and Old falls. </span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="color: #006600;">The water falls on us with great force and tones up the muscles and nerves. It is believed that the falling water from the hills contain medicines to cure diseases. </span></strong><br />
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<strong><span style="color: #006600;">Massage centers for both men and women are available and the experience of getting massaged before taking a bath under the falls is so nice which can’t be explained simply. </span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #006600;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #006600;"></span></strong> <br />
<ul><li><strong><span style="color: #006600;">Thirukootachala Nathar (Shiv Mandir / Sivan Koil) temple or Thirukuttralanathar temple(Amman'sname is Kuzhalal VaiMozhi)</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> Shenbagadevi (Goddess) Temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> Sastha Temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> Koothar temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> Chithira Sabai</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> ThirugnanaSambandar temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> Courtalla Nangai temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> Nannagaram Pillaiyar temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> ThittaiPillaiyar temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> Sundaramoorthi temple</span></strong></li>
<li><strong><span style="color: #006600;">Pongumam Kadal / Pongumangadal</span></strong></li>
</ul><strong><span style="color: #006600;"> are worthful to be visited. </span></strong><br />
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<strong><br />
The nearest airport is at Madurai. The nearby railway stations are Tenkasi and Sengottai. It is near Tirunelveli. </strong><br />
<strong>Courtallam is 58 Km by road fromTirunelveli and 6 Km from Tenkasi Railway Station. </strong><br />
<strong>Accommodation is available.</strong> </div>explorehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07152978292961827017noreply@blogger.com0